Weed Science provides a detailed examination of the principles of integrated weed management with important details on how chemical herbicides work and should be used. This revised Fourth Edition addresses recent developments affecting weed science. These include the increased use of conservation-tillage systems, environmental concerns about the runoff of agrochemicals, soil conservation, crop biotechnology, resistance of weeds and crops to herbicides, weed control in nonagricultural settings and concerns regarding invasive plants, wetland restoration, and the need for a vastly improved understanding of weed ecology.

Current management practices are covered along with guidance for selecting herbicides and using them effectively. To serve as a more efficient reference, herbicides are cross-listed by chemical and brand name and grouped by mechanism of action and physiological effect rather than chemical structure. In addition, an introduction to organic chemistry has been added to familiarize readers with organic herbicides. Also included are guidelines on weed-control practices for specific crops or situations, such as small grains, row crops, horticultural crops, lawns and turf, range land, brush, and aquatic plant life.

Generously supplemented with 300 drawings, photographs, and tables, Weed Science is an essential book for students taking an introductory course in weed science, as well as a reference for agricultural advisors, county agents, extension specialists, and professionals throughout the agrochemical industry.

Preface ix

I Principles 1

1 Introduction to Weed Science 3

2 Weed Biology and Ecology 13

3 Integrated Weed Management 44

4 Herbicide Registration and Environmental Impact 84

5 Herbicides and the Plant 98

6 Herbicides and the Soil 127

7 Formulations and Application Equipment 146

II Herbicides 181

8 Chemistry and Classification of Herbicides by Mechanism of Action 183

9 Photosystem II Inhibitors 198

10 Pigment Inhibitors 223

11 Membrane Disrupters 235

12 Cell Growth Disrupters and Inhibitors 256

13 Cellulose Biosynthesis Inhibitors 284

14 Growth Regulator Herbicides 291

15 Lipid Biosynthesis Inhibitors 311

16 Inhibitors of Amino Acid Biosynthesis 326

17 Miscellaneous Herbicides 362

18 Herbicide Resistance in Crops and Weeds 379

III Practices 397

19 Small Grains and Flax 399

20 Field Crops Grown in Rows 413

21 Small-Seeded Legumes 443

22 Vegetable Crops 449

23 Fruit and Nut Crops 484

24 Lawn, Turf, and Ornamentals 500

25 Pastures and Rangelands 522

26 Brush and Undesirable Tree Control 531

27 Aquatic Weed Control 546

28 Industrial Vegetation Management 564

29 Diagnosis of Herbicide Injury 573

30 Weed Science in the Future 592

Appendix 599

Index 649