Erika Jensen-Jarolim and Manuel L. Penichet 1. 1 Background Infectious diseases, being the major burden in the history of mankind worldwide th until the beginning of the 20 century, were important triggers in the understanding of immunological mechanisms. In contrast to infectious diseases, reports of all- gies and cancers were less common, but increased tremendously within the last century. Based on the US mortality data of the National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2009, a recent report from the American Cancer Society indicated that the number of cancer deaths increased approximately from 100,000 to 550,000 per year between 1930 and 2006, paralleling the increase of the total population during this period. Leading causes of death from cancer are lung and bronchus cancer, in men prostate cancer, and in women breast c- cer [1, 2]. Normalization to population size shows that the cancer death rate for most malignancies has been generally stable, although the mortality rate of certain malignancies, such as lung and bronchus cancer, has increased over the last 50 years [1-3]. In allergy, the situation is less clear, because for the time period around the turn of th the 19 century, only imprecise information is available. However, within the last 30 years the incidences of allergies has doubled not only in industrial countries, but in developing countries as well [4].

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Chapter 1 Introduction Erika Jensen-Jarolim and Manuel L. Penichet Chapter 2 The Biology of IgE: Molecular Mechanism Restraining Potentially Dangerous High Serum IgE Titres in Vivo Gernot Achatz, Gertrude Achatz-Straussberger, Stefan Feichtner, Sebastian Koenigsberger, Stefan Lenz, Doris Peckl-Schmid, Nadja Zaborsky, and Marinus Lamers Chapter 3 The Biology of IgE: the Generation of High Affinity IgE Antibodies. Maria A. Curotto de Lafaille and Juan J. Lafaille Chapter 4 Epidemiological evidence: IgE, Atopy, and Solid Tumors Michelle C. Turner Chapter 5 Epidemiological Evidence: IgE, Allergies, and Hematopoietic Malignancies Otoniel Martínez-Maza, Alan Duane Moreno, and Wendy Cozen Chapter 6 Mast Cells in Allergy and Tumor Disease Anna Wasiuk, Victor C. de Vries, Elizabeth C. Nowak, and Randolph J. Noelle Chapter 7 The IgE Antibody and Its Use in Cancer Immunotherapy Tracy R. Daniels, Jose A. Rodríguez, Elizabeth Ortiz-Sanchez, Gustavo Helguera, and Manuel L. Penichet Chapter 8 IgE Interacts with Potent Effector Cells Against Tumors: ADCC and ADCP Sophia N. Karagiannis, Frank O. Nestle, and Hannah J. Gould Chapter 9 IgE as Adjuvant in Tumor Vaccination Elisa A. Nigro, Antonio G. Siccardi, and Luca Vangelista Chapter 10 The Targets of IgE: Allergen-Associated and Tumor-Associated Molecular Patterns (AAMPs and TAMPs) Erika Jensen-Jarolim, Diana Mechtcheriakova, Isabella Pali-Schoell Chapter 11 The Role of Th2-Mediated Anti-Tumor Immunity in Tumor Surveillance and Clearance Ljubov Simson, Julia I. Ellyard, and Christopher R. Parish